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[79.135.106.30]) by gmr-mx.google.com with ESMTPS id 4fb4d7f45d1cf-60c828ae04asi700933a12.2.2025.07.02.01.47.59 for (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Wed, 02 Jul 2025 01:47:59 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of darosior@protonmail.com designates 79.135.106.30 as permitted sender) client-ip=79.135.106.30; Date: Wed, 02 Jul 2025 08:47:54 +0000 To: Bitcoin Development Mailing List From: "'Antoine Poinsot' via Bitcoin Development Mailing List" Subject: [bitcoindev] Make pathological transactions with more than 2500 legacy signature operations non-standard Message-ID: <49dyqqkf5NqGlGdinp6SELIoxzE_ONh3UIj6-EB8S804Id5yROq-b1uGK8DUru66eIlWuhb5R3nhRRutwuYjemiuOOBS2FQ4KWDnEh0wLuA=@protonmail.com> Feedback-ID: 7060259:user:proton X-Pm-Message-ID: 767fb837956df8ceb6f010b09b9c7b9a9b858e5a MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Original-Sender: darosior@protonmail.com X-Original-Authentication-Results: gmr-mx.google.com; dkim=pass header.i=@protonmail.com header.s=protonmail3 header.b="wkGZx/O+"; spf=pass (google.com: domain of darosior@protonmail.com designates 79.135.106.30 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=darosior@protonmail.com; dmarc=pass (p=QUARANTINE sp=QUARANTINE dis=NONE) header.from=protonmail.com X-Original-From: Antoine Poinsot Reply-To: Antoine Poinsot Precedence: list Mailing-list: list bitcoindev@googlegroups.com; contact bitcoindev+owners@googlegroups.com List-ID: X-Google-Group-Id: 786775582512 List-Post: , List-Help: , List-Archive: , List-Unsubscribe: , X-Spam-Score: -1.0 (-) Hi everyone, To mitigate high block validation time, BIP54 proposes to make transactions which require more than 2500 legacy signature operations invalid by consensus. The 2500 figure was chosen as the tightest value that did not make any non-pathological currently standard transaction invalid. No transaction in Bitcoin's history would have both hit the BIP54 sigop limit and been standard according to today's Bitcoin Core policy[^0]. But what happened in the past doesn't matter as much as the fact that it is possible today to create a pathological standard transaction that is BIP54-invalid. This opens up a major DoS vector against unupgraded miners if BIP54 ever gets activated in these conditions. Therefore i propose to make such transactions non-standard and hold off activation of BIP54 until we have good reasons to believe that the vast majority of the hashrate won't create a block containing such a transaction. Doing so gives better guarantees in case BIP54 is ever considered for activation, and comes at virtually no cost since these pathological transactions have never been used and serve no purpose beyond increasing the cost of validation. Bitcoin Core PR #32521 implements this change, which i hope to get into the upcoming 30.0 release as well as backported to previous versions. Best, Antoine Poinsot [^0]: Here the full list of historical transactions that would have hit the BIP54 sigops limit: - 659135664894e50040830edb516a76f704fd2be409ecd8d1ea9916c002ab28a2 - bea1c2b87fee95a203c5b5d9f3e5d0f472385c34cb5af02d0560aab973169683 - 24b16a13c972522241b65fbb83d09d4bc02ceb33487f41d1f2f620b047307179 - 53666009e036171b1aee099bc9cd3cb551969a53315410d13ad5390b8b4f3bd0 - ffc178be118bc2f9eaf016d1c942aec18441a6c5ec17c9d92d1da7962f0479f6 - 2f1654561297114e434c4aea5ca715e4e3f10be0be8c1c9db2b6f68ea76dae09 - 62fc8d091a7c597783981f00b889d72d24ad5e3e224dbe1c2a317aabef89217e - d939315b180d3d73b5e316eb57a18f8137a3f5943aef21a811660d25f1080a3f - 8a6bfaa78828a81147e4848372d491aa4e9048631982a670ad3a61402a4ec327 - 02cc78789cc070125817189ec378daa750355c8b22bbce982ed96aa549facb1f - b97a16ae2e8ae2a804ed7965373b42055f811653f4628e4bef999145d4b593bc - c51ffaf08188859669571f897f119b6d39ea48a9334212f554bf4927401b71f3 - 33ccdda65abdda8025adb03841410dda5fa8948bd38b7fbaf3fed521daf5c4d3 - bb41a757f405890fb0f5856228e23b715702d714d59bf2b1feb70d8b2b4e3e08 - 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