Re: [bitcoin-dev] BIP Proposal: Revised: UTPFOTIB - Use Transaction Priority For Ordering Transactions In Blocks

[Spartacus Rex <spartacusrex99@gmail.com>]

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..What you have proposed is interesting but seems to do nothing for the
issue of transaction
bandwidth, which seems to be approaching its threshold:
..

This system just shows one way of changing the way a miner calculates txn
priority.

A miners should always do what makes him the most money, so an old txn will
never get priority if a newer one offering more fees comes along. This is
why some txns will never get confirmation.

In this system a txn cannot just pay more fees, as you all pay the same
fees in a block, so an old txn that has a high enough threshold will be
worth just as much to a miner as any txn coming later on.

This way you can be sure that your txn will confirm at some point, and not
just be relegated to the 'never' confirmed pile.


On Dec 24, 2017 03:44, "Damian Williamson" <willtech@live.com.au> wrote:

>.. This system has flaws, they all do.


>The simple fact is that there is currently no known system that works as
well as the current system..


Alright, but, we seem to agree, the current system also has flaws. The
transaction bandwidth limit is a serious issue for transactional
reliability.


What you have proposed is interesting but seems to do nothing for the issue
of transaction bandwidth, which seems to be approaching its threshold:

https://bitinfocharts.com/comparison/bitcoin-transactions.html


Regards,

Damian Williamson
------------------------------
*From:* Spartacus Rex <spartacusrex99@gmail.com>
*Sent:* Saturday, 23 December 2017 5:07:49 AM
*To:* Damian Williamson; Bitcoin Protocol Discussion

*Subject:* Re: [bitcoin-dev] BIP Proposal: Revised: UTPFOTIB - Use
Transaction Priority For Ordering Transactions In Blocks

Hi Damian,

Thought I'd chip in.  This is a hard fork scenario. This system has flaws,
they all do.

If you had a fixed fee per block, so that every txn in that block paid the
same fee, that might make it easier to include all txns eventually, as you
envisage.

The fee could be calculated as the average of the amount txns are prepared
to pay in the last 1000 blocks.

A txn would say ' I'll pay up to X bitcoins ' and as long as that is more
than the value required for the block your txn can be added. This is to
ensure you don't pay more than you are willing.  It also ensures that
putting an enormous fee will not ensure your txn is processed quickly..

Calculating what the outputs are given a variable fee needs a new mechanism
all of it's own, but I'm sure it's possible.

The simple fact is that there is currently no known system that works as
well as the current system..

But there are other systems.


On Dec 22, 2017 15:09, "Damian Williamson via bitcoin-dev" <
bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org> wrote:

If the cash value of Bitcoin was high enough and zero fee transactions were
never accepted and not counted when calculating the transaction pool size
then I do not think it would be such an issue. Why is it even possible to
create zero fee transactions?


Regards,

Damian Williamson

------------------------------
*From:* bitcoin-dev-bounces@lists.linuxfoundation.org <
bitcoin-dev-bounces@lists.linuxfoundation.org> on behalf of Damian
Williamson via bitcoin-dev <bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org>
*Sent:* Tuesday, 19 December 2017 6:51 PM
*To:* Mark Friedenbach
*Cc:* bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org
*Subject:* [bitcoin-dev] BIP Proposal: Revised: UTPFOTIB - Use Transaction
Priority For Ordering Transactions In Blocks


Thank you for your constructive feedback. I now see that the proposal
introduces a potential issue.


>Finally in terms of the broad goal, having block size based on the number
of transactions is NOT something desirable in the first place, even if it
did work. That’s effectively the same as an infinite block size since
anyone anywhere can create transactions in the mempool at no cost.


Do you have any critical suggestion as to how transaction bandwidth limit
could be addressed, it will eventually become an issue if nothing is
changed regardless of how high fees go?


Regards,
Damian Williamson



------------------------------
*From:* Mark Friedenbach <mark@friedenbach.org>
*Sent:* Tuesday, 19 December 2017 3:08 AM
*To:* Damian Williamson
*Subject:* Re: [bitcoin-dev] BIP Proposal: Revised: UTPFOTIB - Use
Transaction Priority For Ordering Transactions In Blocks

Damian, you seem to be misunderstanding that either

(1) the strong form of your proposal requires validating the commitment to
the mempool properties, in which case the mempool becomes consensus
critical (an impossible requirement); or

(2) in the weak form where the current block is dependent on the commitment
in the last block only it is becomes a miner-selected field they can freely
parameterize with no repercussions for setting values totally independent
of the actual mempool.

If you want to make the block size dependent on the properties of the
mempool in a consensus critical way, flex cap achieves this. If you want to
make the contents or properties of the mempool known to well-connected
nodes, weak blocks achieves that. But you can’t stick the mempool in
consensus because it fundamentally is not something the nodes have
consensus over. That’s a chicken-and-the-egg assumption.

Finally in terms of the broad goal, having block size based on the number
of transactions is NOT something desirable in the first place, even if it
did work. That’s effectively the same as an infinite block size since
anyone anywhere can create transactions in the mempool at no cost.

On Dec 16, 2017, at 8:14 PM, Damian Williamson via bitcoin-dev <
bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org> wrote:

I do not know why people make the leap that the proposal requires a
consensus on the transaction pool. It does not.

It may be helpful to have the discussion from the previous thread linked
here.
https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/bitcoin-dev/2017
-December/015370.html

Where I speak of validating that a block conforms to the broadcast next
block size, I do not propose validating the number broadcast for the next
block size itself, only that the next generated block is that size.

Regards,
Damian Williamson


------------------------------
*From:* Damian Williamson <willtech@live.com.au>
*Sent:* Saturday, 16 December 2017 7:59 AM
*To:* Rhavar
*Cc:* Bitcoin Protocol Discussion
*Subject:* Re: [bitcoin-dev] BIP Proposal: Revised: UTPFOTIB - Use
Transaction Priority For Ordering Transactions In Blocks

There are really two separate problems to solve.


   1. How does Bitcoin scale with fixed block size?
   2. How do we ensure that all valid transactions are eventually included
   in the blockchain?


Those are the two issues that the proposal attempts to address. It makes
sense to resolve these two problems together. Using the proposed system for
variable block sizes would solve the first problem but there would still be
a whole bunch of never confirming transactions. I am not sure how to
reliably solve the second problem at scale without first solving the first.

>* Every node has a (potentially) different mempool, you can't use it to
decide consensus values like the max block size.

I do not suggest a consensus. Depending on which node solves a block the
value for next block size will be different. The consensus would be that
blocks will adhere to the next block size value transmitted with the
current block. It is easy to verify that the consensus is being adhered to
once in place.

>* Increasing the entropy in a block to make it more unpredictable doesn't
really make sense.

Not a necessary function, just an effect of using a probability-based
distribution.

>* Bitcoin should be roughly incentive compatible. Your proposal explicits
asks miners to ignore their best interests, and confirm transactions by
"priority".  What are you going to do if a "malicious" miner decides to go
after their profits and order by what makes them the most money. Add
"ordered by priority" as a consensus requirement? And even if you miners
can still sort their mempool by fee, and then order the top 1MB by priority.

I entirely agree with your sentiment that Bitcoin must be incentive
compatible. It is necessary.

It is in only miners immediate interest to make the most profitable block
from the available transaction pool. As with so many other things, it is
necessary to partially ignore short-term gain for long-term benefit. It is
in miners and everybody's long-term interest to have a reliable transaction
service. A busy transaction service that confirms lots of transactions per
hour will become more profitable as demand increases and more users are
prepared to pay for priority. As it is there is currently no way to fully
scale because of the transaction bandwidth limit and that is problematic.
If all valid transactions must eventually confirm then there must be a way
to resolve that problem.

Bitcoin deliberately removes traditional scale by ensuring blocks take ten
minutes on average to solve, an ingenious idea and, incentive compatible
but, fixed block sizes leaves us with a problem to solve when we want to
scale.

>If you could find a good solution that would allow you to know if miners
were following your rule or not (and thus ignore it if it doesn't) then you
wouldn't even need bitcoin in the first place.

I am confident that the math to verify blocks based on the proposal can be
developed (and I think it will not be too complex for a mathematician with
the relevant experience), however, I am nowhere near experienced enough
with probability and statistical analysis to do it. Yes, if Bitcoin doesn't
then it might make another great opportunity for an altcoin but I am not
even nearly interested in promoting any altcoins.


If not the proposal that I have put forward, then, hopefully, someone can
come up with a better solution. The important thing is that the issues are
resolved.

Regards,
Damian Williamson


------------------------------
*From:* Rhavar <rhavar@protonmail.com>
*Sent:* Saturday, 16 December 2017 3:38 AM
*To:* Damian Williamson
*Cc:* Bitcoin Protocol Discussion
*Subject:* Re: [bitcoin-dev] BIP Proposal: Revised: UTPFOTIB - Use
Transaction Priority For Ordering Transactions In Blocks

> I understand that there would be technical issues to resolve in
implementation, but, are there no fundamental errors?

Unfortunately your proposal is really fundamentally broken, on a few
levels. I think you might need to do a bit more research into how bitcoin
works before coming up with such improvements =)

But just some quick notes:

* Every node has a (potentially) different mempool, you can't use it to
decide consensus values like the max block size.

* Increasing the entropy in a block to make it more unpredictable doesn't
really make sense.

* Bitcoin should be roughly incentive compatible. Your proposal explicits
asks miners to ignore their best interests, and confirm transactions by
"priority".  What are you going to do if a "malicious" miner decides to go
after their profits and order by what makes them the most money. Add
"ordered by priority" as a consensus requirement? And even if you miners
can still sort their mempool by fee, and then order the top 1MB by priority.

If you could find a good solution that would allow you to know if miners
were following your rule or not (and thus ignore it if it doesn't) then you
wouldn't even need bitcoin in the first place.




-Ryan


-------- Original Message --------
Subject: [bitcoin-dev] BIP Proposal: Revised: UTPFOTIB - Use Transaction
Priority For Ordering Transactions In Blocks
Local Time: December 15, 2017 3:42 AM
UTC Time: December 15, 2017 9:42 AM
From: bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org
To: Bitcoin Protocol Discussion <bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org>



I should not take it that the lack of critical feedback to this revised
proposal is a glowing endorsement. I understand that there would be
technical issues to resolve in implementation, but, are there no
fundamental errors?

I suppose that it if is difficult to determine how long a transaction has
been waiting in the pool then, each node could simply keep track of when a
transaction was first seen. This may have implications for a verify
routine, however, for example, if a node was offline, how should it
differentiate how long each transaction was waiting in that case? If a node
was restarted daily would it always think that all transactions had been
waiting in the pool less than one day If each node keeps the current
transaction pool in a file and updates it, as transactions are included in
blocks and, as new transactions appear in the pool, then that would go some
way to alleviate the issue, apart from entirely new nodes. There should be
no reason the contents of a transaction pool files cannot be shared without
agreement as to the transaction pool between nodes, just as nodes transmit
new transactions freely.

It has been questioned why miners could not cheat. For the question of how
many transactions to include in a block, I say it is a standoff and miners
will conform to the proposal, not wanting to leave transactions with valid
fees standing, and, not wanting to shrink the transaction pool. In any
case, if miners shrink the transaction pool then I am not immediately
concerned since it provides a more efficient service. For the question of
including transactions according to the proposal, I say if it is possible
to keep track of how long transactions are waiting in the pool so that they
can be included on a probability curve then it is possible to verify that
blocks conform to the proposal, since the input is a probability, the
output should conform to a probability curve.


If someone has the necessary skill, would anyone be willing to develop the
math necessary for the proposal?

Regards,
Damian Williamson


------------------------------

*From:* bitcoin-dev-bounces@lists.linuxfoundation.org <bitcoin
-dev-bounces@lists.linuxfoundation.org> on behalf of Damian Williamson via
bitcoin-dev <bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org>
*Sent:* Friday, 8 December 2017 8:01 AM
*To:* bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org
*Subject:* [bitcoin-dev] BIP Proposal: Revised: UTPFOTIB - Use Transaction
Priority For Ordering Transactions In Blocks


Good afternoon,

The need for this proposal:

We all must learn to admit that transaction bandwidth is still lurking as a
serious issue for the operation, reliability, safety, consumer acceptance,
uptake and, for the value of Bitcoin.

I recently sent a payment which was not urgent so; I chose three-day target
confirmation from the fee recommendation. That transaction has still not
confirmed after now more than six days - even waiting twice as long seems
quite reasonable to me. That transaction is a valid transaction; it is not
rubbish, junk or, spam. Under the current model with transaction bandwidth
limitation, the longer a transaction waits, the less likely it is ever to
confirm due to rising transaction numbers and being pushed back by
transactions with rising fees.

I argue that no transactions are rubbish or junk, only some zero fee
transactions might be spam. Having an ever-increasing number of valid
transactions that do not confirm as more new transactions with higher fees
are created is the opposite of operating a robust, reliable transaction
system.

Business cannot operate with a model where transactions may or may not
confirm. Even a business choosing a modest fee has no guarantee that their
valid transaction will not be shuffled down by new transactions to the
realm of never confirming after it is created. Consumers also will not
accept this model as Bitcoin expands. If Bitcoin cannot be a reliable
payment system for confirmed transactions then consumers, by and large,
will simply not accept the model once they understand. Bitcoin will be a
dirty payment system, and this will kill the value of Bitcoin.

Under the current system, a minority of transactions will eventually be the
lucky few who have fees high enough to escape being pushed down the list.

Once there are more than x transactions (transaction bandwidth limit) every
ten minutes, only those choosing twenty-minute confirmation (2 blocks) will
have initially at most a fifty percent chance of ever having their payment
confirm. Presently, not even using fee recommendations can ensure a
sufficiently high fee is paid to ensure transaction confirmation.

I also argue that the current auction model for limited transaction
bandwidth is wrong, is not suitable for a reliable transaction system and,
is wrong for Bitcoin. All transactions must confirm in due time. Currently,
Bitcoin is not a safe way to send payments.

I do not believe that consumers and business are against paying fees, even
high fees. What is required is operational reliability.

This great issue needs to be resolved for the safety and reliability of
Bitcoin. The time to resolve issues in commerce is before they become great
big issues. The time to resolve this issue is now. We must have the
foresight to identify and resolve problems before they trip us over.
Simply doubling block sizes every so often is reactionary and is not a
reliable permanent solution. I have written a BIP proposal for a technical
solution but, need your help to write it up to an acceptable standard to be
a full BIP.

I have formatted the following with markdown which is human readable so, I
hope nobody minds. I have done as much with this proposal as I feel that I
am able so far but continue to take your feedback.

# BIP Proposal: UTPFOTIB - Use Transaction Priority For Ordering
Transactions In Blocks

## The problem:
Everybody wants value. Miners want to maximize revenue from fees (and we
presume, to minimize block size). Consumers need transaction reliability
and, (we presume) want low fees.

The current transaction bandwidth limit is a limiting factor for both. As
the operational safety of transactions is limited, so is consumer
confidence as they realize the issue and, accordingly, uptake is limited.
Fees are artificially inflated due to bandwidth limitations while failing
to provide a full confirmation service for all transactions.

Current fee recommendations provide no satisfaction for transaction
reliability and, as Bitcoin scales, this will worsen.

Bitcoin must be a fully scalable and reliable service, providing full
transaction confirmation for every valid transaction.

The possibility to send a transaction with a fee lower than one that is
acceptable to allow eventual transaction confirmation should be removed
from the protocol and also from the user interface.

## Solution summary:
Provide each transaction with an individual transaction priority each time
before choosing transactions to include in the current block, the priority
being a function of the fee paid (on a curve), and the time waiting in the
transaction pool (also on a curve) out to n days (n=60 ?). The transaction
priority to serve as the likelihood of a transaction being included in the
current block, and for determining the order in which transactions are
tried to see if they will be included.

Use a target block size. Determine the target block size using; current
transaction pool size x ( 1 / (144 x n days ) ) = number of transactions to
be included in the current block. Broadcast the next target block size with
the current block when it is solved so that nodes know the next target
block size for the block that they are building on.

The curves used for the priority of transactions would have to be
appropriate. Perhaps a mathematician with experience in probability can
develop the right formulae. My thinking is a steep curve. I suppose that
the probability of all transactions should probably account for a
sufficient number of inclusions that the target block size is met although,
it may not always be. As a suggestion, consider including some zero fee
transactions to pad, highest BTC value first?

**Explanation of the operation of priority:**
> If transaction priority is, for example, a number between one (low) and
one-hundred (high) it can be directly understood as the percentage chance
in one-hundred of a transaction being included in the block. Using
probability or likelihood infers that there is some function of random. If
random (100) < transaction priority then the transaction is included.

>To break it down further, if both the fee on a curve value and the time
waiting on a curve value are each a number between one and one-hundred, a
rudimentary method may be to simply multiply those two numbers, to find the
priority number. For example, a middle fee transaction waiting thirty days
(if n = 60 days) may have a value of five for each part  (yes, just five,
the values are on a curve). When multiplied that will give a priority value
of twenty-five, or,  a twenty-five percent chance at that moment of being
included in the block; it will likely be included in one of the next four
blocks, getting more likely each chance. If it is still not included then
the value of time waiting will be higher, making for more probability. A
very low fee transaction would have a value for the fee of one. It would
not be until near sixty-days that the particular low fee transaction has a
high likelihood of being included in the block.

I am not concerned with low (or high) transaction fees, the primary reason
for addressing the issue is to ensure transactional reliability and
scalability while having each transaction confirm in due time.

## Pros:
* Maximizes transaction reliability.
* Fully scalable.
* Maximizes possibility for consumer and business uptake.
* Maximizes total fees paid per block without reducing reliability; because
of reliability, in time confidence and overall uptake are greater;
therefore, more transactions.
* Market determines fee paid for transaction priority.
* Fee recommendations work all the way out to 30 days or greater.
* Provides additional block entropy; greater security since there is less
probability of predicting the next block.

## Cons:
* Could initially lower total transaction fees per block.
* Must be first be programmed.

## Solution operation:
This is a simplistic view of the operation. The actual operation will need
to be determined in a spec for the programmer.

1. Determine the target block size for the current block.
2. Assign a transaction priority to each transaction in the pool.
3. Select transactions to include in the current block using probability in
transaction priority order until the target block size is met.
5. Solve block.
6. Broadcast the next target block size with the current block when it is
solved.
7. Block is received.
8. Block verification process.
9. Accept/reject block based on verification result.
10. Repeat.

## Closing comments:
It may be possible to verify blocks conform to the proposal by showing that
the probability for all transactions included in the block statistically
conforms to a probability distribution curve, *if* the individual
transaction priority can be recreated. I am not that deep into the
mathematics; however, it may also be possible to use a similar method to do
this just based on the fee, that statistically, the blocks conform to a fee
distribution. Any zero fee transactions would have to be ignored. This
solution needs a clever mathematician.

I implore, at the very least, that we use some method that validates full
transaction reliability and enables scalability of block sizes. If not this
proposal, an alternative.

Regards,
Damian Williamson


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