This is likely very similar to other proposals, but I want to bring voting procedures back into the discussion. The goal here is to create a voting procedure that is as simple as possible to increase the block size limit.

Votes are aggregated over each 2016 block period. Each coinbase transaction may have an output at tx.vout[0] with OP_RETURN data in it of the format:

OP_RETURN {OP_1 or OP_2}

OP_2 means the miner votes to increase the block size limit. OP_1 means the miner votes to not increase the block size limit. Not including such a vote is equivalent to voting to NOT increase the block size. I first thought that not voting should mean that you vote with your block size, but then decided that it would be too gameable by others broadcasting transactions to affect your block size.

If in a 2016 block round there were more than 1008 blocks that voted to increase the block size limit, then the max block size increases by 500 kb. The votes can start when there is a supermajority of miners signaling support for the voting procedure.

A few important properties of this simple voting:

It's not gameable via broadcasting transactions (assuming miners don't set their votes to be automatic, based on the size of recent blocks).
Miners don't have to bloat their blocks artificially just to place a vote for larger block sizes, and, similarly, don't need to exclude transactions even when they think the block size does not need to be raised.
The chain up until the point that this goes into effect may be interpreted as just lacking votes to increase the block size.

We can't trust all miners, but we have to trust that >50% of them are honest for the system to work. This system makes it so that altering the maximum block size requires >50% of miners (hash power) to vote to increase the consensus-limit.

Thanks for your time. I think this is an important time in Bitcoin's history. I'm not married to this proposal, but I think it would work. I think a lot of the proposals mentioned on this mailing list would work. I think it's time we just pick one and run with it.

Please let me know your thoughts. I will start working on a pull request if this receives any support from miners/core devs/community members, unless someone with more experience volunteers.

Best,

Stephen