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Date: Sat, 26 Apr 2025 12:48:00 +0000
To: Luke Dashjr <luke@dashjr.org>
From: Pieter Wuille <bitcoin-dev@wuille.net>
Cc: Sjors Provoost <sjors@sprovoost.nl>, bitcoindev@googlegroups.com
Subject: Re: [bitcoindev] Relax OP_RETURN standardness restrictions
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On Saturday, April 26th, 2025 at 7:45 AM, Luke Dashjr <luke@dashjr.org> wro=
te:
> That's nonsense. They were and continue to be very effective, even with
> only a small amount of adoption. Further, mining centralization and
Standardness rules have definitely been effective in the past, if we go far=
enough back in time. But back then:
* There were far less financial incentives to bypass them. Standardness add=
s inconvenience to people developing infrastructure on top, which can nudge=
in another direction. But I don't see how million-dollar (or more) busines=
s incentives would be thwarted by the need to communicate with miners direc=
tly (see below). These incentives will only increase as the subsidy dwindle=
s.
* There was far more reason for rules of this kind; the network was small a=
nd far less valuable, and there were significant concerns about increased n=
ode operation cost with a quickly-growing blockchain. With blocks consisten=
tly full for most of the time for years now, even at times without so-calle=
d "spam", that concern just does not exist; nodes will be processing the sa=
me amount of transaction data anyway. I think I share Luke's feelings aroun=
d non-financially-relevant transactions on-chain, but given sufficient dema=
nd for block space anyway, there just is no need to discriminate.
> pools denying miners options has been the biggest barrier to that
> adoption. There is no significant financial impact either, that's just
> FUD; miners using the fixed and improved spam filters have in fact
> earned significantly more than miners using Core.
I am doubtful of this claim, and would like to see evidence of it.
> It would be a pain, but it is definitely viable. Thankfully, policy
> works just fine for spam filtration, and can be adapted much quicker.
Nobody is required to adopt policy, and I think you're burying your head in=
the sand if you believe even in a world with more decentralized hashpower,=
miners/hashers would voluntarily choose to disregard transactions that pay=
a significant fee, if the potential gains from accepting them exceed the c=
ost of building infrastructure to bypass whatever policy exists.
Bitcoin users do have a means to deny usage of the chain to truly damaging =
use: consensus changes. Those are not optional, apply to everyone equally, =
do not create incentives for bypass, and - and I believe that is a good thi=
ng - can only be adopted with very wide agreement.
> > b) centralisation
>=20
> No, this is more FUD.
The **entire** reason why Bitcoin uses PoW, as opposed to using a tradition=
al consensus system with a federation of block-builders, is to avoid censor=
ship. If anyone dislikes the choices current miners make in what transactio=
ns they accept, they can - without asking anyone for permission - join the =
set of miners, and earn a proportional piece of the pie. While it is the ca=
se that today mining power is quite concentrated in a number of businesses,=
the set of such businesses can, and has, changed over time. This is a very=
valuable property.
Part of the puzzle to make that permissionlessness of mining work is access=
to fee-paying transactions from the public. If sufficient economic demand =
exist for transactions that the public network denies, miners and creators =
of such transaction will develop transaction rails that bypass that network=
.
If it comes to a point where that economic demand is so high that miners ne=
ed to rely on private transaction rails to realistically compete, I feel we=
'd be giving up on one of the most valuable properties the network has. I r=
ealize this is a slipstreamery-slope argument, but it is already happening,=
and once the rails are ubiquitous, it will be very hard to go back to a pu=
blic network.
---
Because of all these reasons, Concept ACK on relaxing the OP_RETURN limits,=
including removing them entirely. I have been a strong proponent of these =
limits in the past, and I'm not happy with seeing the demand for those tran=
sactions. But I also recognize the reality that that demand exists, and the=
alternative of pushing that demand to bypass the public network is far mor=
e damaging.
I will add that I am not in favor of relaxing many other standardness rules=
in Bitcoin Core, such as transaction sizes and other resource limitations.=
These have significant impact on the public's ability to verify and relay =
transactions, and reason about incentive compatibility while doing so. Sign=
ificant and sustained economic demand for such transactions may at some poi=
nt too mean the policy needs to be revised to avoid an even worse outcome, =
but I'm hopeful that is not the case. However, these arguments do not apply=
to OP_RETURN limits, which don't serve an objective harm reduction beyond =
a subjective "that isn't what you should be using the chain for".
--=20
Pieter
--=20
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