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[172.104.61.193]) by gmr-mx.google.com with ESMTPS id af79cd13be357-9158a311410si23717585a.6.2026.06.05.00.55.02 for (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Fri, 05 Jun 2026 00:55:02 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of aj@erisian.com.au designates 172.104.61.193 as permitted sender) client-ip=172.104.61.193; Received: from aj@azure.erisian.com.au by cerulean.erisian.com.au with esmtpsa (TLS1.3) tls TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (Exim 4.96) (envelope-from ) id 1wVPOH-0006n1-1l; Fri, 05 Jun 2026 17:54:55 +1000 Received: by email (sSMTP sendmail emulation); Fri, 05 Jun 2026 17:54:50 +1000 Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2026 17:54:50 +1000 From: Anthony Towns To: Peter Todd Cc: Murch , bitcoindev@googlegroups.com Subject: =?UTF-8?Q?Re=3A_=5Bbitcoindev=5D_One_Time_Signatures_=E2=89=A0_One_Message?= =?UTF-8?Q?_Signed?= Message-ID: References: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: X-Spam_score: -0.0 X-Spam_bar: / X-Original-Sender: aj@erisian.com.au X-Original-Authentication-Results: gmr-mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of aj@erisian.com.au designates 172.104.61.193 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=aj@erisian.com.au Precedence: list Mailing-list: list bitcoindev@googlegroups.com; contact bitcoindev+owners@googlegroups.com List-ID: X-Google-Group-Id: 786775582512 List-Post: , List-Help: , List-Archive: , List-Unsubscribe: , X-Spam-Score: -0.8 (/) On Thu, Jun 04, 2026 at 11:01:25AM +0000, Peter Todd wrote: > On Thu, May 28, 2026 at 10:25:51AM -0700, Murch wrote: > > One-time signature schemes are not well-suited for Bitcoin because they: > > - cannot be used to participate in multi-user transaction (as another > > participant could fail the process and force a second signature) > > - incur lost funds or lost keys upon address reuse (as every node would need > > to track every output script to prevent duplicates, and the recipient has no > > say in their output script being sent to another time) > > - are incompatible with transaction replacement (zero-conf enthusiasts > > rejoice!) > Note that you can design a message signing scheme where you can use a pubkey to > sign a merkle tree of messages. In the case of a transaction, multiple > conflicting versions of the transaction with different fee rates. There's a balance to be had between what's considered part of the message signing scheme versus what's part of the scripting language. The scheme above could also be thought of as signing a single message "spend this utxo is valid if this script's conditions are meant", where the script is "or(fee <= 0.5, and(nSequence >= 100, fee <= 1.0), and(nSequence >= 1000, fee <= 30.0))" Delegating to a signed script like this is essentially the "graftroot" concept. Cheers, aj -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Bitcoin Development Mailing List" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to bitcoindev+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. To view this discussion visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/bitcoindev/aiKAytZNfih0ABff%40erisian.com.au.